Описание игры баскетбол на английском. Топик по английскому: History of Basketball. Мой любимый спорт - баскетбол. Это

Basketball is among the world’s most popularized sports nowadays. It’s played by both men and women. If speaking about the professional game, it involves two teams comprising of five players on a ground. Those who simply arrange street basketball with friends can have as many people in their team as they want. It’s a great way of exercising and fun pastime.

The history of this game is rather interesting. It all started in 1891 in Springfield, USA. One of the most influential coaches, Dr. James Naismith , was invited to train the students and to think of a catchy new game. The game he offered quickly became popular in the 20th century as it involved team spirit development. Today it’s an integral part of sports culture and has millions of fans across the world.

At first there were thirteen common rules made up by Naismith. The rules were quite strict, so it wasn’t easy to play the game. For example, the players were not allowed to run across the playground with a ball or to hold it with both hands. They had to throw it solely from the point they caught it. No shouldering or pushing was allowed. Any of these acts could be taken as a foul. The very first game was played with two peach baskets, which sounds funny today. They also used a soccer ball instead of a spherical inflated ball.

Many things have changed since then, but the main idea of the game hasn’t. The team should score as many goals as they can to win the game. In case both teams end in a draw, additional time is added to break it. There are many other rules that apply to this game nowadays. For example, one of the accepted forms of ball advancing is dribbling. There is a whole set of rules concerning this action. It is against the rules to simply carry the ball across the playground or to double-dribble. Another important rule is that the ball cannot be kicked like in football.

Regular game of basketball can last up to two hours. It consists of four 10-12 minute quarters. Additional five minutes can be added if it’s a tie (draw). One of the most important items in this game is a thematic uniform. The players usually wear a jersey and a pair of shorts. Each of them has a unique identification number along with a name and a team symbol on the jersey. Today there can also be some marks from game sponsors on players’ outfit.

In conclusion, I would like to mention that basketball is a very spectacular team sport. It is included in Olympics since 1936 . The inventor of the game James Naismith personally awarded the first medalists. Today there are many variations of basketball, such as streetball, water basketball, wheelchair basketball, netball, etc. In fact, wheelchair basketball is a full medal sport in the Summer Paralympics.

History of Basketball

Introduction

Basketball is an extremely popular all around the world. The object is to put a ball through a hoop, or basket, and thus score more points than the opposing team. Teams comprise of ten players, with a maximum of five on court at any one time. Substitutions are unlimited during the course of the game. Although basketball can be played outdoors, it was invented to serve as an exciting indoor exercise for the winter months in a northern climate. It quickly became a spectator sport, however, and now attracts large audiences to gymnasiums and arenas, especially in the United States, South America, and Europe.

The sport is played on the amateur level by schools, colleges, other groups, and, since 1936 by national teams in the Olympic Games. It also is played by professional athletes, notably in the United States and Europe.

The foremost American championships contended for are those of the National Basketball Association (NBA) for professionals, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) for colleges. Britain has National Associations for each country and the English Basketball Association (EBBA) runs amateur national competitions, the National Basketball League (NBL) is run by Basketball League Ltd for professionals. International competion is organised by the Federation of International Basketball (FIBA).

The Early Days.

It all started with two peach baskets in a YMCA in Massachusetts.
In 1891 James A Naismith (1861-1939), a leader of the Springfield YMCA, was thinking about ways of providing exercise for the young men in his care. As a physical education instructor he taught gymnastics, however he was looking for something new. He had the idea of nailing peach baskets onto the balconies as goals, at either end of the gymnasium and throwing a soccer ball into it from below.
So a National and International game was born.

In 1892 he published the first booklet containing the basic rules, almost unchanged today (although expanded upon considerably!). These rules were adopted by the YMCA and the Amateur Athletic Union.
Word spread quickly amongst YMCA"s in the Eastern United States about this new game. It took off so rapidly that the first intercollegiate game was played in 1897, and the first professional league in the following year. The Eastern Intercollegiate League was formed shortly afterwards, in 1902. Women also took up the game before 1900.

The growing popularity of basketball resulted in improvements in equipment and skills. The metal hoop was introduced in 1893, and backboards in 1895. The soccer ball was replaced by the first basketball. As playing skills also became more sophisticated, the game attracted more and more spectators.
Until the late 1930s, scores were low, sometimes in single digits. After each score, opposing centers (one of the five positions, the others being two guards and two forwards) lined up in the middle of the court and jumped for the ball. Then the team that got the ball would pass or dribble until a player was about 3 m (10 ft) from the basket before trying a shot. The slow pace did not inhibit the growth of the game, however. By the 1920s, basketball was being played all over the United States, and tournaments were being conducted in high school and college gymnasiums. Most states held high school championships for boys.

The Rise of the Modern Game

Several events in the 1930s spurred the growth of the game as a spectator sport and at the same time made basketball more exciting for the players. The first of these came in the 1932-33 season (basketball seasons tend to run from Autumn through to Spring) rules designed to speed up play were adopted. It became mandatory, under penalty of losing possession, to move the ball past midcourt in less than ten seconds. In addition, no player was permitted to remain within the foul lanes for more than three seconds. Then in 1934 a New York sportswriter, Ned Irish, persuaded the promoters at New York"s Madison Square Garden, a large arena, to schedule doubleheaders between college teams. These events proved successful, and similar promotions followed in other cities. Before long, colleges began building their own arenas for basketball.

Another significant advance occurred in 1936, when a Stanford University team traveled from California to a Madison Square Garden promotion to challenge the eastern powers in the "cradle of basketball." Opponents and fans were stunned by the Stanford style of shooting--one-handed while jumping, which contrasted to the prevalent method of taking two-handed shots while standing still. One Stanford player, Hank Luisetti, was so adept at the "jump shot" that he could outscore an entire opposing team. The new style gained universal acceptance, and basketball scores rose remarkably.

In the 1937-38 season the center jump following each field goal was eliminated. At the end of the next season, Madison Square Garden brought in college teams from around the nation for the National Invitation Tournament (NIT), a postseason playoff that was adopted (1939) on a wider scale by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Although the NIT is still held annually, the NCAA tournament serves as the official intercollegiate championship.

The University of Kentucky (coached, 1930-72, by Adolph Rupp), St. John"s (in New York), the University of North Carolina, Western Kentucky, Kansas University, and Indiana University have been among the leading college basketball teams for years. From 1964 to 1975 the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), coached by John Wooden and led by the centers Lew Alcindor and Bill Walton, dominated the intercollegiate play-offs, winning the title an unprecedented 10 times in 12 years. The 1,250 college teams in the United States now draw about 30 million spectators per season.
Although women have played the game since the 1890s, and even though a few states (Iowa, for instance) have shown great participatory and spectator interest in secondary-school women"s basketball for some decades, significant growth and serious recognition of women"s basketball in the United States and elsewhere did not occur until the 1970s. Almost all U.S. states now hold girls" high school tournaments, and basketball is the fastest-growing women"s intercollegiate sport.

Professional Basketball

From 1898 on, many attempts were made to establish professional basketball as a spectator sport-but success did not come until 1946. The best of the early efforts was made by the Harlem Globetrotters, an all-black team that toured first only the United States and then internationally to play local professional or semi-professional teams. The Globetrotters, founded in 1926, were not affiliated with a league. Their style was and is often showy because, at least into the early 1950s, they could dominate all opponents.
In 1946 serious professional basketball had acquired a following among American sports fans, who wanted to see the former collegians in action. That year the Basketball Association of America, with teams from the United States and one from Toronto, began competing in large arenas in the major cities. Another professional league, the National Basketball League, was already in existence, with many franchises in medium-sized midwestern cities. The two leagues merged in 1949 as the National Basketball Association (NBA) and pared away the weaker franchises.

Modern Times

With the signing of the country"s best collegians through what was called a player draft, the NBA could display both talent and balance. The NBA"s greatest spurt of growth occurred in the 1960s and "70s. Although the Boston Celtics, led by Bill Russel, Bob Cousy, and John Havlicek and coached by Red Auerbach, won 11 of 13 NBA titles beginning in 1957, fans also closely followed such stars as Philadelphia"s Wilt Chamberlain, Cincinnati"s Oscar Robertson, and Los Angeles"s Jerry West and Elgin Baylor. The NBA of the 1970s and 1980s exhibited a welcome balance of power: from 1970 until 1988 no team won consecutive NBA titles, though the New York Knicks (with Willis Reed, Walt Frazier, and Bill Bradley) won twice; the Boston Celtics, 5 times (3 with Larry Bird); and the Los Angeles Lakers, 6 times (5 with Magic Johnson).

In the 1970s the NBA expanded from 9 teams to 22. Some of the new franchises were acquired when the American Basketball Association (1968-76) merged with the NBA. Also, a Dallas franchise was added in 1980; Charlotte, Carolina, and Miami, in 1988; and Minnesota and Orlando, in 1989.

During the late 1970s and early 1980s several women"s professional leagues were begun; all of them failed financially. Women in the USA are currently under the WNBA.

The NBA today enjoys a massive worldwide following, and European basketball is fast emerging. to challenge the domination of the Americans. Watch this space...!

Мой любимый спорт - баскетбол. Это очень популярный вид спорта. Мне нравится и другие виды спорта, но баскетбол больше всего. Я не плохо играю в него.Первый раз я взяла в руки баскетбольный мячик в школе, но меня тогда не сильно привлек этот спорт потому что у меня не получались многие приемы этой игры.
Баскетбол это командная игра. Чаще всего мы играем в него на физкультупе. Баскетбол развивает реакцию, скорость, координацию, умение играть в команде. Чтобы выйграть,нужно как можно больше попасть мячом в корзину. Кажется,что это легко, но на самом деле это совсем не так.Играть в него не легко и Иногда наша команда проигрывает.В эту игру играют в любое время года, потому что играют в эту игру в закрытом помещении. В нее играют в спортивном зале. В игре две команды всего с пятью игроками. Но как и любой вид спорта басетбол может быть опасным,можно получить множество травм,поэтому,к нему нужно относиться с осторожностью

Мой любимый спорт - баскетбол. Это очень популярный вид спорта. Мне нравится и другие виды спорта, но баскетбол больше всего. Я не плохо играю в него.Первый раз я взяла в руки баскетбольный мячик в школе, но меня тогда не сильно привлек этот спорт потому что у меня не получались многие приемы этой игры. Баскетбол это командная игра. Чаще всего мы играем в него на физкультупе. Баскетбол развивает реакцию, скорость, координацию, умение играть в команде. Чтобы выйграть,нужно как можно больше попасть мячом в корзину. Кажется,что это легко, но на самом деле это совсем не так.Играть в него не легко и Иногда наша команда проигрывает.В эту игру играют в любое время года, потому что играют в эту игру в закрытом помещении. В нее играют в спортивном зале. В игре две команды всего с пятью игроками. Но как и любой вид спорта басетбол может быть опасным,можно получить множество травм,поэтому,к нему нужно относиться с осторожностью

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Результаты (английский ) 1:

My favorite sport is basketball. This is a very popular sport. I like other sports but basketball more than anything. I didn"t play bad. The first time I took into the hands of a basketball ball in high school, but I did not strongly attracted by this sport because I have not received many tricks of this game.Баскетбол это командная игра. Чаще всего мы играем в него на физкультупе. Баскетбол развивает реакцию, скорость, координацию, умение играть в команде. Чтобы выйграть,нужно как можно больше попасть мячом в корзину. Кажется,что это легко, но на самом деле это совсем не так.Играть в него не легко и Иногда наша команда проигрывает.В эту игру играют в любое время года, потому что играют в эту игру в закрытом помещении. В нее играют в спортивном зале. В игре две команды всего с пятью игроками. Но как и любой вид спорта басетбол может быть опасным,можно получить множество травм,поэтому,к нему нужно относиться с осторожностью

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Результаты (английский ) 2:

My favorite sport - basketball. This is a very popular sport. Like other sports, but basketball the most. I"m not a bad game it .First time I picked up the ball in the basketball school, but then I was not very attracted to this sport because I did not get a lot of tricks of the game.
Basketball is a team game. Most often, we play his fizkultupe. Basketball develops reaction speed, coordination, ability to play as a team. To win, you need as much as possible to get the ball in the basket. It seems that it"s easy, but in reality it is not so .Igrat it is not easy and sometimes our team proigryvaet.V this game play at any time of year, because playing the game indoors. It is played in a sports hall. The game has just two teams with five players. But like any sport basetbol can be dangerous, you can get a lot of injuries, so it should be taken with caution

I am going to tell you about one of the most popular games. It is basketball.

The game of basketball has evolved a great deal throughout the years. Basketball was invented on December 21, 1891. The inventor of the game was a Canadian clergyman, James Naismith.

The game of basketball was fashioned from fragments of other games, seeking to eliminate flaws of rugby, soccer.

Basketball was first played in the United States. In fact, the first game was played at one training school, now called Springfield College.

Basketball is a simple game. The equipment used in the game is also very simple. In addition to the field itself, all that is needed for a game is a ball. The very first ball that was used was a soccer ball until 1894 when an actual «basketball» was invented. The basketball ball was slightly smaller, about 30 inches in diameter. The first baskets thatwere used, were two peach baskets hung from the balcony of the gymnasium.

In 1893, the backboard was invented. The first backboard was constructed out of wire mesh, then wood and now it is made out of glass so the backboard does not вмешиваться with the viewing of the game. Around that time, there was no name for this game.

By 1906, peach baskets were replaced by metal baskets with holes in the bottom. This was better than in the early days, when a ladder was used to climb and fetch the ball out of the basket. Finally, in 1913 a hoop with a net was invented. In my opinion, the invention of the hoop and net was a major step in the developing of the game of basketball. Due to the free falling ball, the game"s tempo increased, which allowed the game of basketball to develop even more.

In 192J, one man named the game «basketball» and it has been called basketball ever since.

In the very beginning Naismith introduced thirteen original rules for the game of basketball, in which 12 out of the 13 original rules were still used up to 1934. The only rule, which changed, was that a player was now allowed to dribble a basketball. The rule of dribbling the basketball was first used in 1896 at a basketball game at Yale University. With the introduction of the 13 original rules, Naismith created four fundamental principals, which stayed in the game from 1891to 1937. These four fundamental principals stated, players with the ball must not make progress, the goal is above the head of the players, roughness is eliminated and a player may not receive the ball by use of contact.

Through the years of 1891 to the 1940"s there were many rule changes as well as addition of rules to the game of basketball. By 1898, basketball leagues were starting to form in the United States. In 1898, professional basketball was being played. The league was called the National Basketball League (NBL). The National Basketball League was made up of four teams like New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn and New Jersey.

By 1932 basketball was officially gaining international status with the founding of the International Amateur Basketball Federation in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1946, the Basketball Association of America was formed but it did not go far well because it was competing against the National Basketball League. But in 1949, the Basketball Association of America and the National Basketball League joined together.

They changed their name to the National Basketball Association (NBA). Throughout the formation of the league there were many rules that were added to the game of basketball. In 1930"s, Kenny Sailor invented the jump shot. Also in the 1940"s, Bob Kurland used blockshots. In 1952 the foul lane was widened and the three-second rule was put into affect, so centres could not station themselves in front of the basket all the time. During the 1950"s the National Basketball Association was on the rise. During the 1970"s and 1980"s the expansion of the NBA had gone wild. In the mid 1980"s and early 1990"s Michael Jordan, who was one of the greatest players in NBA history, dominated the game and took it to a wholly new level. At this time, basketball was increasing in popularity. Nowadays it is played by 176 nations.



1. When was the game of basketball invented?

2. Where was the first game of basketball played?

3. What was the first basketball ball?

4. When was an actual «basketball» ball invented?

5. When were basketball hoop and net invented?

6. How many original rules were there in the game of basketball when it was invented?

7. When was the first professional basketball match played?

8. When did the game of basketball officially gain its international status?

9. How and when did the National Basketball Association appear?

10. Who invented the jump shot?

11. When was the three-point line introduced?

VOCABULARY

to evolve - эволюционировать, развиваться

to invent - изобретать, создавать, придумывать

clergyman - священник

to fashion - здесь: создавать, сформировать

to eliminate - устранять, исключать

дефектоскоп - перен. порок, недостаток

rugby - регби (также. Rugby football)

soccer - футбол (по правилам Национальной ассоциации футболистов Великобритании)

basket - корзина

slightly - мало, незначительно, несущественно, слегка

inch - дюйм (= 2,5 см)

peach - персик

to hang (past , hung , p . p . hung ) - вешать, подвешивать

bottom - низ, нижняя часть

ladder - лестница

to climb - взбираться, влезать

to fetch - достать

hoop - кольцо, обед

net - сеть, сетка

to develop - развивать

due to - благодаря

tempo - ритм, темп

to increase - возрастать, увеличивать(ся); расти

backboard - баскетбольный щит

wire mesh - проводная сеть

to вмешиваться - служить препятствием, мешать

to dribble - вести мяч

roughness - грубость

to gain - получать, приобретать; добиваться

amateur - любитель

Switzerland - Швейцария

to compete - соревноваться

to join - присоединиться, объединиться

jump shot - бросок мяча в прыжке

block - shot - блок-шот

foul lane - штрафная зона

to put into affect - здесь: действие, задействовать

rise - повышение, подъем

expansion - расширение, экспансия; рост, развитие



ИСТОРИЯ БАСКЕТБОЛА

Я собираюсь рассказать вам одну очень популярную игру. Это - баскетбол.

Игра баскетбол развивалась в течение многих лет. Баскетбол был изобретен 21 декабря 1891 г. Изобретателем игры был канадский священник Джеймс Нейсмит.

Игра баскетбол была создана из элементов других игр с целью устранения недостатков регби, футбола.

Впервые в баскетбол сыграли в Соединенных Штатах в одной из спортивных школ, которая теперь называется Спрингфілдський колледж.

Баскетбол - это простая игра. Снаряжение, используемое в баскетболе, также очень простое. В дополнение к самого поля все, что необходимо для игры, - это мяч. В 1894 г., когда и был изобретен баскетбольный мяч, в игре использовался футбольный мяч. Баскетбольный мяч был немного меньше, примерно 30 дюймов в диаметре. Первые корзинки, которые использовались в то время, были размером с две корзины из-под персиков, которые подвешивались на балкон гимнастического зала.

В 1893 г. был изобретен баскетбольный щит. Первый баскетбольный щит был сделан из проволочной сетки, позднее - из дерева, а теперь он сделан из стекла, так что его задняя часть не мешает смотреть игру. В то время для этой игры не было никакого названия.

К 1906 г. корзины из-под персиков были заменены металлическими корзинами с отверстиями в основании. Это улучшило игру, тогда как раньше приходилось использовать лестницу, чтобы подняться и вынуть мяч из корзины. Наконец, в 1913 г. был изобретен обруч с сеткой. По моему мнению, изобретение обруча и сетки был решающим шагом в развитии баскетбола. Через свободное выпадение мяча темп игры увеличился, что позволило баскетболу развиваться еще быстрее.

В 1921 г. один человек назвала игру «баскетболом», и с того времени игра стала называться так.

В самом начале Нейсмит ввел 13 базовых правил для игры в баскетбол, двенадцать из которых так и использовались вплоть до 1934 г. Единственное правило, которое изменилось, заключалось в том, что теперь игроку разрешалось вести баскетбольный мяч. Правило дриблинга баскетбольного мяча впервые было использовано в 1896 г. в Йельском университете. С введением 13 первичных правил Нейсмит создал четыре фундаментальных принципа игры, которые использовались с 1891 по 1937 гг. Эти четыре фундаментальных принципа утверждали, что игроки, которые остановились с мячом, не должны двигаться дальше; цель находится выше голов игроков; нельзя применять грубость; игрок не может получить мяч с помощью силового контакта.

С 1891 г. до сороковых годов двадцатого столетия было сделано множество изменений в правилах, в игру были введены дополнительные правила. К 1898 г. в Соединенных Штатах начали формироваться баскетбольные лиги. В 1898 г. начали играть в профессиональный баскетбол. Лига получила название Национальной лиги баскетбола (N ВL ). Национальная лига баскетбола состояла из четырех команд: команды Нью-Йорка, Филадельфии, Бруклина и Нью-Джерси.

В 1932 г. с образованием Международной любительской федерации баскетбола в Женеве, Швейцария, баскетбол официально получил международный статус. В 1946 г. была сформирована Американская ассоциация баскетбола, но из этого ничего хорошего не получилось, потому что она составляла конкуренцию Национальной лиге баскетбола. Но в 1949 г. Американская ассоциация баскетбола и Национальная лига баскетбола объединились.

Они изменили свое название на Национальную ассоциацию баскетбола (N ВА). За все время становления баскетбола в игру было введено много новых правил. В 1930-х гг. Кенни Сейлор изобрел бросок в прыжке. В 1940-х гг. Боб Курланд использовал блок-шоты. В 1952 г. была расширена штрафная зона и введено правило трисекундної зоны, так что центровые не могли находиться перед корзиной долгое время. В течение 1950-х гг. Национальная ассоциация баскетбола процветала. В течение 1970-х и 1980-х гг. расширение ЫВА стало невероятно стремительным. В середине 1980-х гг. и в начале 1990-х гг. Майкл Джордан стал одним из лучших игроков в истории NBA, непревзойденным королем игры и поднял игру до совершенно другого уровня. В это время популярность баскетбола рос. В наше время в баскетбол играют 176 наций.

I like sport. It plays a great role in my activities. Most of all I like to play basketball. I am the best player and often take part in different sport competitions. Sometimes we win them but sometimes we lose. Basketball is a team game. It is played in any season because you play this game is indoors game. It is played in a gym. But sometimes you can see streetball - basketball in an open air. There are two baskets in this exciting game and only one orange ball. Players must throw the ball to the basket and get to it to score a goal. There are two teams with only five players. Many people keen in sport because it makes us more healthy and help us to be fit. During you play any sport game you are active and it helps you to burn many calories. Basketball is an active game. It makes people be strong, healthy and energetic. It is a game for everybody even for disabled people. To my mind any sport is risky and dangerous. Basketball is risky too because every minute you can break your arm or leg or get another problem with your health. I like playing basketball most of all. And I am a basketball fan too. I enjoy watching matches on TV and at the gym. I have been to the gym. It was the greatest game I have ever seen.

Я люблю спорт. Он играет большую роль в моей деятельности. Больше всего я люблю играть в баскетбол. Я очень хороший игрок и часто принимаю участие в различных спортивных соревнованиях. Иногда мы выигрываем, но иногда проигрываем. Баскетбол это командная игра. В нее играют в любое время года, потому что играют в эту игру в закрытом помещении. В нее играют в спортивном зале. Но иногда вы можете видеть стритбол - баскетбол на открытом воздухе. Есть две корзины в этой захватывающей игре и только один оранжевый мяч. Игроки должны бросать мяч в корзину и попасть в нее, чтобы забить гол. В игре две команды всего с пятью игроками.

Многие люди занимаются спортом, потому что он делает нас здоровыми и помогает быть в хорошей форме. В то время, когда вы играете в любые спортивные игры вы активны, и это помогает вам сжигать больше калорий. Баскетбол - активная игра. Она заставляет людей быть сильными, здоровыми и энергичными. Это игра для всех, даже для людей с ограниченными возможностями.

На мой взгляд, любой вид спорта рискованный и опасный. Баскетбол тоже, потому что каждую минуту вы можете сломать руку или ногу или получить другую проблему с вашим здоровьем.

Мне нравится играть в баскетбол больше всего. И я также фанат баскетбола. Мне очень нравится смотреть матчи по телевизору и в спортзале. Я был на матче в спотрзале два раза. Это было здорово.