Американская система образования на английском. Топик по английскому «Образование в США» (Education in the USA). Тема "Образование в США" (Education in the USA)

Это третий текст из цикла и он посвящен системе образования в Америке. Текст «Education in America» является заключительным, так как предполагается, что вы уже читали тексты про систему образования в России и Великобритании и знаете слова:

compulsory, primary education, secondary education, comprehensive, ability, entrance exams, specialized schools, profound knowledge, academic subjects, higher education, enter a university, take exams, pass exams, fail exams (from the text )

stage, grammar school, national exam, General certificate of secondary education, further education, to accept, to graduate from, to provide education, private school, boarding school, public school, assessment (from the text )

Итак, читаем текст про систему образования в Америке (Education in America) . Специфические слова, касающиеся системы образования в США, выделены оранжевым цветом.

Education in America

(text about the American Educational System)

1. melting pot — плавильный котел
2. getting started — положить начало
3. successful career — успешная карьера
4. main aim — главная цель
   
5. grade — класс, год обучения
6. elementary school — начальная школа
   
7. high school — старшая школа
8. elective subjects — предметы по выбору
9. be necessary for — быть необходимым для
10. public school — государственная общеобразовательная школа (! В Великобритании public school — частная школа для аристократии)
11. private school — частная школа
12. religious school — духовное училище (такие школы есть и в Великобритании)
13. extracurricular activity — внешкольные мероприятия
    
14. take into account — учитывать (при поступлении)
    
15. institution — учебное заведение
16. community college — колледж, в котором учатся студенты, живущие дома
17. additional education — дополнительное образование
18. to receive a bachelor’s degree — получить диплом бакалавра
19. master’s degree — диплом магистра
20. high school graduate — выпускник школы
    
21. Harvard — Гарвард

Americans have always believed in education but in a special American way. The schools’ first job was to turn millions of foreign children into Americans. Since they came from dozens of different countries, that’s not easy. Schools had to teach the children to speak English, to love their new country and to learn how to live in it. American schools were the “melting pot ” in which the differences were forgotten. They were the ladder which the poor could climb to a better life. Getting started on a successful career was the main aim.

There is no national curriculum in the USA. Each state has its own system of schools. But there are some common features in the organization of school education in the country.

Compulsory education begins at the age of 6 in most states and continues usually until 16. School consists of 12 grades: 6 years of elementary school and 6 years of high school , but this plan may be different in different states. Children move on to high school in the 7 th grade and study there until the 12 th grade. There are elective subjects , and every student can choose the ones which he thinks will be necessary for him in his future work or further education.

The state schools are called public schools , besides there are private schools , which are very expensive, and religious schools which are also fee-paying.

Extracurricular activity (such as playing for one of the school’s sports teams) is also very important in the American School system and is taken into account by colleges and universities.]

When young people finish secondary school they go on to community colleges , which provide two years of higher education at minimal cost. A number of young people go to colleges and universities that provide four years of higher education necessary to receive a bachelor’s degree, as well as additional education for a master’s degree.
Generally, the system of higher education includes 4 categories of institutions :

• the community college, which is financed by the local community in different professions
• the technical training institution, at which high school graduates may take courses ranging from 6 months to three-four years, and learn different technical skills, which may include computer programming, accounting (бухгалтерское дело), etc.
• the four-year college, the graduates receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts (BA) or Bachelor of Science (BS).
• the university

Any of these institutions may be either public or private. The public institutions are financed by state. Among the private universities the most famous is Harvard.

British and American Schools

In America, all children from six to sixteen go to school. They spend
six years in “elementary” school, and four or six years in “secondary”
or “high” school. School education is free.

At the end of every school year, the children take a test. If a child
does well, he goes into next class (“grade”). If he doesn’t do well, he
has to repeat the grade.

Some schools have modern teaching equipment. like computers and closed
circuit television, but there are small country schools, with just one
classroom.

At the end of their time at school, most students get a high school
diploma. If they want to ^o on to college, they take college admission
tests.

In Britain all children from five to sixteen go to school. They spend
six years in “primary” school, and then go on to “secondary” school.

In Britain there are “state” schools, which are free, and private
schools for which parents pay, Many British private schools are
“boarding” schools. The children stay at school all the time, and only
come home in the holidays. They usually wear uniforms.

Teaching in both countries is usually quite in formal. Students often
work together in groups? and go to the teacher only when they need help.

At school pupils spend the most important of their lives. It is here
that their characters and views are formed. The word “school” always
reminds us of our childhood and youth, of close and dear people in our
life.

Перевод текста: British and American Schools

В Америке, идут в школу все дети от шесть до шестнадцать. Они проводят
шесть лет в “элементарной” школе, и четырех или шести годах во
“вторичной” или “высокой” школе. Школьное образование свободно.

В конце каждого учебного года, дети берут тест. Если ребенок
преуспевает, он входит в следующий класс (“сорт”). Если он не
преуспевает, он должен повторить сорт.

Некоторые школы имеют современное обучающее оборудование. как компьютеры
и кабельное телевидение, но есть маленькие школы страны, только с одной
классной комнатой.

В конце их времени в школе, большинство студентов получает диплом
средней школы. Если они хотят к ^o на колледже, они берут тесты входной
платы колледжа.

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